The Olmec an African Presence in Early America Some African-Americans who played a significant role in the American Revolution were: Crispus Attucks - an African-American member of the Sons of Liberty who was the first person killed in the Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770. Viracocha was described in legends as a tall man with long beard, pale skin and using a rod that emitted thunders and lightnings; Quetzalcoatl was the Feathered serpent, tall and mastering of the secret of arts and time. Download full-text PDF Download full-text PDF Read full-text. 1-2) Ivan Van Sertima. Jairazbhoy believes that the earliest settlers were ancient Egyptians led by King Ramesis III, during the nineteenth dynasty.44 Van Sertima contends that a small but significant number of men and a few women, in a fleet protected by a military force, moved west down the Mediterranean toward North Africa in the period 948-680 B.Cand got caught in the pull of one of the westward currents off the North African coast, either through storm or navigational error, and were carried across the Atlantic to the New World. According to Michael Coe, the worlds foremost authority on Olmec culture, There is not the slightest doubt that all later civilizations in Mesoamerica, whether Mexican or Mayan, rest ultimately on an Olmec base.32 Van Sertima adds: The Olmec civilization was formative and seminal: it was to touch all others on this continent, directly or indirectly.33, Olmec monument from Tres Zapotes, Mexico (c. 1100 B.C. For best results, configure your browser to use the Adobe PDF plug-in to open online PDF files. Ranging up to 11.15 feet in height and weighing 30 to 40 tons, these statues generally depict helmeted Black men with large eyes, broad fleshy noses and full lips. Even among the Maya, where Dr. Hammond has found 2000 B.C. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. endobj The great ancient civilizations of Egypt and West Africa traveled to the Americas, contributing immensely to early American civilization by importing the art of pyramid building, political systems and religious practices as well as mathematics, writing and a sophisticated calendar. Van Sertima states that what clinches the argument for the African presence in early (pre-Columbian) America are the skulls and skeletons of African people that were found on the ancient Olmec site. except a strong Negroid substratum connected with the Magicians [Olmecs]., Any objective analysis of the evidence clearly shows that Black people reached the Americas thousands of years before Columbus. Even among the Maya, where Dr. Hammond has found 2000 B.C. Early American Scans NetSuite, According to historians such as Wayne B. Chandler (African Presence in Early America), two of Chinas earliest dynaties, the Shang and the Shia, were both heavily Black African/Black Oceanic dynasties, with Mongol Chinese as well. 1 0 obj Van Sertima makes it plain that Early America Revisited is more than a stack of evidence about the physical presence of Africans in pre-Columbian America, it is the study of how two peoples and cultures can lead to cross fertilization. BLACK AFRICA AND AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS Van Sertima explores and gives all the evidence he can find about three contact periods. A clear indicator of pre-Columbus African trans-Atlantic travel is the recent archeological findings of narcotics native to America in Ancient Egyptian mummies, which have astounded contemporary historians. One of the worlds most renowned craniologists, Polish professor Andrzej Wiercinski, revealed to the 41, In this same vein, historian Frederick Peterson has written that [w]e can trace the progress of man in Mexico without noting any definite Old World influence during this period (1000-650 B.C.) Sitchin goes on stating that ther were two distinct fluxes of deities and people: one originated the myth of Viracocha, the other originated the myth of Quetzalcoatl. Readers should also consider the following 10 books that filled in this or that piece of the African jigsaw: Charles S. Finch, The Star of Deep Beginnings, US, Khenti, 1998. Visions for Black Men Nashville: Winston-Derek, 1991. Other indicators include, astronomy, art, writing systems, flora and fauna. Book excerpt: Examines cultural analogies between Native Americans and Africans, offering evidence of the presence of African explorers in the New World centuries before the arrival of Columbus. All these religious similarities are too large and occur far too often to be mere coincidences. Sertima, who published his book They Came before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America in I976.7. Out of Stock. African Origin of Civilization by Cheikh Anta Diop African Presence in Early America by Ivan Van Sertima African Presence In Early Asia by Runoko Rashidi and Ivan Van Sertima African Presence in Early Europe by Ivan Van Sertima African Woman the Original Guardian Angel by Ishakamusa Barashango Edited by Ivan Van Sertima, pp. File, Mesoamerica was yet another world location for the emergence of an early civilization, but Mesoamerican societies were not necessarily connected to a single famous river (like the Nile) as the other early civilizations were, though there were plenty of rivers in the New World. This high culture is now known as the Olmec civilization. . As Columbus Day (October 12) approaches and as we celebrate the 40th anniversary of the publication of They Came Before Columbus by the late Rutgers University professor, Ivan Van Sertima, we must reveal to the world the grandeur of Africa by highlighting the achievements of some of its great navigators and rulers. Revised Edition II, 2018. He was considered one of the African Christian martyrs. Bronze head of an ancient king from Benin, West Africa, The tradition of fine sculpture in West Africa goes back long before 1000 B.C. He was visiting professor at Princeton University and lectured at more than one hundred colleges and universities. Van Sertima, Evidence For An African Presence in Pre-Columbian America, op. For, whether we accept the facts or not, Jairazbhoy appears to have been right when he wrote: The black began his career in America not as slave but as master.48. 3 examine factors that can contribute to early resilience. %PDF-1.5 ).30, The name Olmec means Dweller in the land of Rubber and could technically be applied to anyone who lived in the jungle areas of the Mexican Gulf Coast in antiquity.31 For centuries the indigenous people there created and perpetuated a local culture that varied little from its surroundings. The Mayans, Aztecs and Incas all worshipped black gods and the surviving portraits of the black deities are revealing. I think it is due, at this point, to spend some time entering in details about these two deities, who were secondary characters at Sumer, but preheminent deities in Mesoamerica and Southamerica. In 1991 Dr. Van Sertima defended his highly controversial thesis on the African presence in pre-Columbian America before the Smithsonian. It is in contradiction to the most elementary logic and to all artistic experience to suggest that these ancient Olmec artists could have depicted, with such detail, African facial features they had never seen.21. to the African continent and its inhabitants, reinforced by Renaissance ideas and conditions. On the very ceremonial court and platform where four of the African-type heads were found in the holy capital of the Olmec world, La Venta. 575, Acropolis and Sanctuary of Demeter Malophoros, Selinus, Sicily.pdf, CHAPTER 3 ANCIENT INDIAN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES PART 2.docx, Plasma Petroglyphs (Plasmaglyphs), Earthworks, and the Megafauna Extinction, Religion at Gbekli Tepe and later in the same region, Introductory Guide to Ancient Civilizations, Behind The Veil of Tears: II Ashes of the Phoenix, Chapter 2 Early writing systems and civilizations from the book Neo-Eneolithic Literacy in Southeastern Europe, CHAPTER 3 ANCIENT INDIAN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES PART 3.docx, ANCIENT INDIAN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES APN CHAPTER 3 PART 3.docx, Divine origins of ancient Egyptian sacred symbolism and architecture in its global concept, ANCIENT RELIGION OF INDIAN CONTINENT CHAPTER 4 ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY APN.docx Part -2.docx, Ancient Alien Architect Hypothesis and EPEMC (Brief. Racial Gaps in Early Childhood Socio-emotional nccp.org, Mesoamerica was yet another world location for the emergence of an early civilization, but Mesoamerican societies were not necessarily connected to a single famous river (like the Nile) as the other early civilizations were, though there were plenty of rivers in the New World. He is the author or editor of eighteen books, the most recent of which . The currents off Africa serve as veritable conveyor belts to the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and the northeastern corner of South America. These were the first Negroes that had been seen in the Indies.4 Peter Martyr, the first prominent European historian of the New World, stated that the Black men seen by Balboa and his companions were shipwrecked Africans who had taken refuge in the local mountains.5, Father Fray Gregoria Garcia, a priest of the Dominican order who spent nine years in Peru during the early sixteenth century, identified an island off of Cartagena, Columbia as the place where the Spanish first found Black people in the New World. How African was the early human dispersal out of Africa, Dr. Scobie was a major authority on the African presence in early Western Europe. Divining America The Foreign Missionary Movement in 19th ), Some of the Olmec sculptures depicting human beings are so decidedly Negroid that many scholars long thought that the indigenous Olmec culture itself was of Black origin. He was the author of numerous scholarly articles and historical essays on the subject, including a series of five articles for the Journal of African Civilizations. In his Journal of the Second Voyage, Columbus wrote that when he reached Haiti, then labeled Espanola, the native people told him that black skinned people had come from the south and southeast in ships trading in gold tipped metal spears. Despite its great size, the workmanship is delicate and sure, its proportions perfect The features are bold and, Another authority, Selden Rodman speaks of the colossal Negroid heads. They appear to represent priest-kings who ruled vast territories in Mesoamerica [Mexico and Central America] during the Olmec period, which is to be considered later herein. Black Jews of Africa History Religion Identity Oxford Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This analysis explores the various claims made and further discusses whether or not Van Sertima and Afro-centrists have any quantifiable/verifiable evidence to support the "Black America" hypothesis. This is no longer possible. But, in the words of Van Sertima, proof of contact is only half of the story. or Were the ancient Turks, Akkads (Sumerians) and Dravidians (Tamils) the parents of Mexico and Meso-America, Magicians of the Gods by Graham Hancock (2015), Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs, ANCIENT INDIAN RELIGION CHAPTER 4 PART 4 ANCIENT INDIA APN, The Dragon and the Serpent: Quetzalcoatl, the Lng of China and the Serpent of Wisdom, Extended-Plasma-Electromagnetic Cosmology (EPEMC, Afrocentric World Black Greeks Ancient Libyco-Berber Writing More Information on the Afrocentric World, Olmec (Mande) Loan Words in the Mayan, Mixe-Zoque and Taino Languages. [7] The 2015 Inter-census Estimate was the first time in which Afro-Mexicans could identify themselves as such and was a preliminary effort to include the identity before the 2020 . Uploaded by In truth, Africans began coming to the Americas thousands of years before Columbus; and the evidence of their presence, though systematically ignored by mainstream scholars, is overwhelming and undeniable. In Egyptian mythology the human headed bird, Ba, flies out of the tomb. The best known artifacts are the giant stone heads, which phenotypically resemble modern day Africans. stream sites. Price The New York Times has stated that this long awaited monument to centuries of African American suffering and triumphs makes a powerful declaration: The African-American story is a central part of the American story.. Throughout all of these travels, African explorers have not had a history of starting devastating wars on the people they met. If you wish to use copyrighted material for purposes other than "fair use" you must request permission from the ), Marco Merlini, Neo-Eneolithic Literacy in Southeastern Europe: an Inquiry into the Danube, Biblioteca Brukenthal XXXIII, Ministery of Culture of Romania and Brukenthal National Museum, Editura Altip, Alba Iulia, Ningishzidda and Ishkur - The Anunnaki connections between Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Mesoamerica, Analysis of Ivan Van Sertima's Afrocentric claims on Mesoamerica, An Unofficial History of Dravidian Writing, Olmec Origins: A Look Into Their Cosmopolitan Origins, 13 clyde winters An Unofficial History of Dravidian Writing HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION revised, Black Warrior Dynasty: Afrocentricity and the New World, They Were Not Here Before Columbus: Afrocentricity in the 1990's, Unboxing Atlantis A top-down review of what we know, and don't know, about the Atlantean through Megalithic Period continents and cities; 36,000 -2,000 YBP, An Indelible Imprint of Literacy: The Olmec and African Presence in Pre-Columbian America (2007), How Drawing Becomes Writing: Proto-Orthography in the Codex Borbonicus, Sex in the Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, The dravidian and mayan relation ship a comparisonWho Brought The Mayans To Mexico? In the last twenty or thirty years several discoveries have rewritten the " possibility' of Atlantis and called into question the archaeological lock-out of the topic of submerged and lost/hidden lands. Speaking specifically about the African influence on the Olmec culture, historian Zecharia Sitchin provides this view: It is an embarrassing enigma, because it challenges scholars and prideful nationalists to explain how people from Africa could have come to the New World not hundreds but thousands of years before Columbus, and how they could have developed, seemingly overnight, the Mother Civilization of Mesoamerica. The greatest threat towards Africa having a glorious future is her peoples ignorance of Africas glorious past. Everybody has to become aware of this revision of history. In the following account the authors Anthony D. Hill, associate professor of drama at The Ohio State University, and Douglas Q. Barnett, director, producer, and founder of Black Arts/West in Seattle, discuss why they created the Historical Dictionary of African American Theater, the first comprehensive Read MoreThe Black Presence in Theater through the Centuries in the Historical . There is now undisputed scientific proof that the first Americans were descended from Africans or Australian aborigines, according to evidence in a new BBC documentary. 5, No. Alex Stevens they way africans view africa is the correct way, just a place on the other side of the continent. Yurugu: An African-Centered Critique of European Cultural Thought and Behavior Trenton: Africa World Press, 1994. Tellingly, all of these pyramids also served the same dual purpose, tomb and temple. and the Mandingo-Songhay trading voyages (from early fourteenth to late fifteenth century). A similar sculpture has been discovered at the Olmec site of Portrero Nuevo. In Egyptian mythology the human headed bird, Ba, flies out of the tomb. This presence has always been a test case of the nation's claims to freedom, democracy, equality, the inclusiveness of all."[4] African-American literature explores the issues of freedom and equality long denied to Blacks in I reflected that there had undoubtedly been Blacks in this country and this had been in the first epoch of the world10 Since Melgars discovery sixteen other colossal stone heads have been found in many parts of Mexico, including ancient sacred sites such as La Venta and Tres Zapotes in southern Mexico. This book provides convincing evidence that the Americas were settled far earlier than thought and that the earliest inhabitants probably came from Africa." Gregory Little Ph.D. author of The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Native American Mounds & Earthworks Read more Print length 374 pages Language English Publisher AuthorHouse Publication date 128 views, 4 likes, 4 loves, 54 comments, 6 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Williams Chapel Church: Williams Chapel Church was live. Scopri il pi grande eBookstore del mondo e inizia a leggere oggi stesso su Web, tablet, telefono o eReader. Ancient trans-Atlantic similarities in botany, religion and pyramid building constitute but a fraction of the signs of African influence in ancient America. Call Number: Africana Library DT14 .J86 v.8 no.2 Publication Date: 1987 African Presence in Early Asia by Runoko Rashidi; Ivan Van Sertima, eds. Peter Martyr, the first prominent European historian of the New World, stated that the Black men seen by Balboa and his companions were shipwrecked Africans who had taken refuge in the local mountains. copyright owner. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. 5. It has now become common knowledge amongst academics that Christopher Columbus clearly did not discover America, not least because is it impossible to discover a people and a continent that was already there and thriving with culture. The great ancient civilizations of Egypt and West Africa traveled to the Americas, contributing immensely to early American civilization by importing the art of pyramid building, political systems and religious practices as well as mathematics, writing and a sophisticated calendar. Muffett, p 155-163. He was the author of numerous scholarly articles and historical essays on the subject, including a series of five articles for the Journal of African Civilizations. Mayan and African oral traditions speak of pre-Columbian expeditions across the Atlantic from east to west;41 and the modern explorer, Thor Heyerdahl, has demonstrated that ships modeled after the ancient Egyptian papyrus boat could indeed successfully make such a journey.42 Other Africans also built sturdy, seaworthy ships.43, Who, then, were the Africans who sailed to America in antiquity? The African Presence in Ancient America Revisited is historian Runoko Rashidis new DVD. Dr. Runoko Rashidi, They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient In the 21st century, some people who identify as Afro-Mexicans are the children and grandchildren of naturalized Black immigrants from Africa and the Caribbean. Wars, civil unrest and the dynamics of enslavement in West Central Africa, 1607-60 4. except a strong Negroid substratum connected with the Magicians [Olmecs].27 Finally, in February of 1975, a team from the Smithsonian Institute reported the discovery of two Negroid male skeletons in a grave in the U.S. Virgin Islands. endobj Tottenham. This selection of over sixty European paintings, sculptures, drawings, prints, books, and decorative objects, dating from around 1480 to around 1605 . African Americans, one of the largest of the many ethnic groups in the United States. ",#(7),01444'9=82. The Olmec an African Presence in Early America, Early America Revisited Paperback. While we could continue to cite infinite similarities between ancient African and New World cultures in various fields including linguistics and botany, let us turn instead to consider the likely origin of the Africans who appear to have reached and profoundly influenced American culture thousands of years before Columbus. There is not the slightest doubt that all later civilizations in [Mexico and Central America], rest ultimately on an Olmec base, once remarked Michael Coe, a leading historian on Mexico. He furthermore cites a document of Francisco Nunez Vega (1691), who describes an ancient calendar found in Chiapas that mentions seven negritos representing the seven planets., In describing the Olmec head, Melgar wrote that what astonished me was the Ethiopic [Black African] type which it represents. This volume presents what is presently known about the links between Africa and America before the age of Columbus. Conspicuous among these shared elements are those adopted by the monarchies in both civilizations, and appear in a combination too arbitrary and unique to be independently duplicated.35 They include the following: The double crown, the royal flail, the sacred boat or ceremonial bark of the kings, the religious value of the color purple and its special use among priests and people of high rank; the artificial beard, feathered fans and the parasol or ceremonial umbrella. <>>> 7-The Underrepresentation of African American Female In a very ancient epoch, wrote historian Riva Palacio, or before the existence of the Otomies [native Americans] or better yet invading them, the Black race occupied our territory This race brought its religious ideas and its own cult., Author C.C. Rev. brilliantly [demonstrates] has that there is far more to black history than the slave trade."John A. Williams They Came Before Columbus reveals a compelling, dramatic, and superbly detailed documentation of the presence and legacy of Africans in ancient America. station39.cebu An overwhelming body of new evidence is emerging which proves that Africans had frequently sailed across the Atlantic to the Americas, thousands of years before Columbus and indeed before Christ. As in Darien, these Africans were also captives of war among the native Americans. Unearthing the African Presence in Colonial New York (for the general audience) Report [PDF - 13 MB] Credits, Acknowledgments, and Table of Contents [PDF - 2 MB] Volume I The Secular Use of Lower Manhattan's African Burial Ground. Van Sertima, Egypto-Nubian Presences in Ancient Mexico, op. The information presented on this page and in the brochure is explored at greater length in Fishers' Discovering Early California Afro-Latino Presence (Heyday Books, 2010). 168. DuBois (1897, 1902) and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963). Melgars mind, wrote art historian Alexander von Wuthenau, not yet tainted by certain currents of modern (and perhaps not so modern) anthropology, reacted quite normally to this newly found evidence of [the] black mans presence in ancient America. In this summary, however, we are confining ourselves to a particular geographic region (the Gulf of Mexico), a particular culture complex or civilization (known as Olmecs), and a particular period of history (948-680 B.C. I reflected that there had undoubtedly been Blacks in this country and this had been in the first epoch of the world. 5 Ancient Black Civilizations That Were Not in Africa, be revised before people could look again at the hypothesis of an African presence in early America. To acknowledge the Olmecs and their civilization as the Mother Civilization of Mesoamerica means to acknowledge that they preceded that of the Mayans and Aztecs, whose heritage the Spaniards tried to eradicate and Mexicans today are proud of.47, In a world accustomed to suppressing, distorting, ignoring or denying the achievements of Black Africans it is difficult to accept the historical paradigm shift mandated by the evidence presented here. He edited the Journal of African Civilizations, which has greatly changed the way in which African history and culture are taught and studied. African Presence in early Asia. Nearly a dozen other European explorers also found Black people in the Americas when they reached the Western Hemisphere. <> African presence in early asia pdf Note: All prices in the U.S. dollar ivan van Sertema (1935-2009) were professors of African studies at The University of The Rethgers. Stephen Jett in Riley, Kelley, Pennington and Rands (eds. Although eyewitness accounts of early European explorers may be the best evidence of an African presence in the New World that preceded Columbus, it is certainly not the only evidence. The New York African Burial Ground reports. The following is recorded in Raccolta, part I, volume I: Columbus wanted to find out what the Indians of Espanola had told him, that had come from the south and southeast, [N]egro people who brought those spear points made of a metal which they call guanin, of which he had sent samples to the king and queen for assay and which was found to have 32 parts 18 of gold, 6 of silver, and 8 of copper.1 Curious about the validity of this story, Columbus did indeed send samples of these spears back on a mail ship to Spain to be examined, and it was found that the ratio of properties of gold, copper, and silver alloy were identical to the spears then being forged in African Guinea.2, In a book on the life of Columbus, his son, Ferdinand, reported that his father saw Black people himself when he reached the region just north of the country today called Honduras. It is based on his July 2017 group tour to Mexico As Columbus Day (October 12) approaches and as we celebrate the 40, Ever since Christopher Columbus first suggested that Black Africans preceded him to the New World, a number of scholars have investigated this contention. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Olmecian and Egyptian pyramids were both placed on the same north-south axis and had strikingly similar construction methods. Ani, Marimba. AFRICA & ANCIENT IRELAND AFRICA TO IBERIA, United States guidelines Step-by-step Tutorials, Michael brown processus de la presence pdf, the presence of the past rupert sheldrake pdf, Introduction dun document comme preuve en labsence de lauteur, Cisco telepresence conductor administrator guide, Gc 178 leave application and absence report. , tomb and temple have not had a history of starting devastating wars on the people they met,. Books, the Gulf of Mexico and the Mandingo-Songhay trading voyages ( from early to... 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